Busa gyare-gyare shine tsari na samar da narkakkar bututu (wanda ake magana da shi azaman parison ko preform) na kayan thermoplastic (polymer ko guduro) da sanya parison ko preform a cikin rami mai ƙura da kumbura bututu tare da matsa lamba, don ɗaukar siffar da rami da kuma kwantar da part kafin cire daga mold.
Duk wani ɓangaren thermoplastic maras kyau ana iya busa shi.
Sassan ba su iyakance ga kwalabe kawai ba, inda akwai buɗewa ɗaya kuma yawanci ya fi girma a diamita ko girma fiye da girman jiki gabaɗaya. Waɗannan sune wasu daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin kunshin masu amfani, kodayake akwai wasu nau'ikan busassun ɓangarorin da suka haɗe, ciki har da, amma ba iyaka ga:
- Babban kwantena masana'antu
- Lawn, lambu da kayan gida
- Kayan magani da sassa, kayan wasan yara
- Gina samfuran masana'antu
- Mota-karkashin kaho sassa
- Abubuwan kayan aiki
Hanyoyin Ƙirƙirar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa
Akwai manyan nau'ikan gyare-gyaren busa guda uku:
- Extrusion busa gyare-gyare
- Allurar busa gyare-gyare
- Injection mike busa gyare-gyare
Babban bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su shine hanyar kafa parison; ko dai ta hanyar extrusion ko gyare-gyaren allura, girman parison da hanyar motsi tsakanin parison da nau'i mai nau'i; ko dai a tsaye, rufewa, madaidaiciya ko rotary.
A cikin Extrusion Blow Molding-(EBM) ana narkar da polymer kuma ana fitar da narke mai ƙarfi ta hanyar mutu don samar da bututu mai faɗuwa ko parison. Ana rufe rabi biyu na gyaggyarawa mai sanyaya a kusa da parison, ana shigar da iska mai matsa lamba ta fil ko allura, a sanya shi cikin siffa ta gyaggyarawa, ta haka ne ke haifar da wani yanki mara zurfi. Bayan filastik mai zafi ya yi sanyi sosai, ana buɗe ƙirar kuma an cire ɓangaren.
A cikin EBM akwai hanyoyi na asali guda biyu na extrusion, Ci gaba da Tsayawa. A ci gaba, parison yana fitar da ci gaba kuma ƙirar tana motsawa zuwa da nesa da parison. A cikin tsaka-tsaki, filastik yana tarawa ta wurin extruder a cikin ɗaki, sannan ya tilasta ta hanyar mutuwa don samar da parison. Samfurin suna yawanci a tsaye a ƙarƙashin ko kusa da extruder.
Misalai na Ci gaba da Tsari sune Injinan Motsa Jiki na Ci gaba da Fitar da Injin Rotary Wheel. Injin extrusion na ɗan lokaci na iya zama Maɓalli mai jujjuyawa ko Shugaban Accumulator. Ana la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban lokacin zabar tsakanin matakai da girma ko samfuri da ke akwai.
Misalan sassan da tsarin EBM ya yi sun haɗa da samfura marasa ƙarfi da yawa, kamar kwalabe, sassan masana'antu, kayan wasan yara, motoci, abubuwan kayan aiki da marufi na masana'antu.
Dangane da tsarin Allurar Blow Systems - (IBS), ana yin alluran polymer ɗin da aka ƙera shi a kan wata cibiya a cikin rami don samar da bututu mai zurfi da ake kira preform. Siffofin suna jujjuya kan ainihin sanda zuwa ƙwanƙolin busa ko gyaggyarawa a tashar busa don busawa da sanyaya. Yawanci ana amfani da wannan tsari don yin ƙananan kwalabe, yawanci 16oz/500ml ko ƙasa da haka a babban kayan aiki. An raba tsarin zuwa matakai uku: allura, busa da fitarwa, duk ana yin su a cikin injin da aka haɗa. Sassan suna fitowa tare da ingantattun ma'auni da aka gama kuma suna iya riƙe juriya mai ƙarfi-ba tare da ƙarin kayan aiki a cikin samuwar yana da inganci sosai ba.
Misalan sassan IBS sune kwalabe na magunguna, sassan likitanci, da kayan kwalliya da sauran fakitin samfuran mabukaci.
Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) tsarin allurar Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) tsari yayi kama da tsarin IBS da aka bayyana a sama, domin preform ɗin ana yin allura. Ana gabatar da preform ɗin da aka ƙera zuwa ga busa a cikin yanayi mai sharadi, amma kafin busa sifar ta ƙarshe, preform ɗin yana shimfiɗa tsawon tsayi da radially. Abubuwan polymers na yau da kullun da ake amfani da su sune PET da PP, waɗanda ke da halaye na zahiri waɗanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar shimfidawa na tsari. Wannan shimfidawa yana ba da ɓangaren ƙarshe ingantattun ƙarfi da kaddarorin shinge a ma'auni mafi sauƙi da kaurin bango fiye da IBS ko EBM-amma, ba tare da wasu iyakoki kamar kwantena da aka sarrafa ba, da sauransu.. ISBM za a iya raba zuwa cikinMataki DayakumaMataki Biyutsari.
A cikinMataki DayaAna yin aikin duka preform da busa kwalba a cikin injin guda ɗaya. Ana iya yin hakan a cikin injinan tasha 3 ko 4, (Alurar, sanyaya, busa da fitarwa). Wannan tsari da kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa na iya ɗaukar ƙananan ƙarami zuwa manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kwalabe da girman girman.
A cikinMataki BiyuAna fara ƙera robobin zuwa cikin preform ta amfani da injin gyare-gyaren allura daban da na'urar busa. Ana samar da waɗannan tare da wuyan kwalabe, gami da zaren da ke buɗe ƙarshen ƙarshen rufaffen preform. Ana sanyaya waɗannan abubuwan da aka riga aka tsara, ana adana su, kuma a ciyar da su daga baya a cikin injin gyare-gyaren shimfidar wuri mai zafi. A cikin Mataki na Biyu Reheat Blow tsari, da preforms suna mai zafi (yawanci amfani da infrared heaters) sama da gilashin canjin zafin jiki, sa'an nan kuma shimfiɗa da kuma hura ta amfani da high-matsi iska a cikin busawa molds.
Tsarin Mataki na Biyu ya fi dacewa da manyan juzu'i na kwantena, lita 1 da ƙasa, tare da amfani da ra'ayin mazan jiya na guduro yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, shingen gas da sauran fasalulluka.