Kuwomba ndi njira yopangira chubu chosungunuka (chotchedwa parison kapena preform) cha zinthu za thermoplastic (polymer kapena resin) ndikuyika parison kapena preform mkati mwa nkhungu ndikuwonjezera chubu ndi mpweya woponderezedwa, kuti atenge mawonekedwe a patsekeke ndikuziziritsa gawolo musanachotse mu nkhungu.
Gawo lililonse lopanda kanthu la thermoplastic limatha kupangidwa.
Zigawo sizimangokhala m'mabotolo, pomwe pali kutseguka kumodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono m'mimba mwake kapena kukula kwake kuposa kukula kwa thupi lonse. Awa ndi ena mwamawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaketi ogula, komabe pali mitundu ina yazigawo zowumbidwa, kuphatikiza, koma osati ku:
- Zotengera zochulukira za mafakitale
- Udzu, munda ndi zinthu zapakhomo
- Zida zamankhwala ndi magawo, zoseweretsa
- Zomangamanga zamakampani
- Magalimoto - pansi pazigawo za hood
- Zida zamagetsi
Kuwomba Akamaumba Manufacturing Njira
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya kuumba nkhonya:
- Kuwotcha kwa extrusion
- Jekeseni kuwomba kuumba
- Jekeseni kutambasula kuwomba kuumba
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndi njira yopangira ndende; kaya ndi extrusion kapena jekeseni akamaumba, kukula kwa parison ndi njira kuyenda pakati pa parison ndi kuwomba zisamere pachakudya; mwina kuyima, shuttling, linear kapena rotary.
Mu Extrusion Blow Molding-(EBM) polima amasungunuka ndipo chosungunuka cholimba chosungunuka chimatulutsidwa kudzera mukufa kuti apange chubu kapena parison. Magawo awiri a nkhungu utakhazikika amatsekedwa mozungulira parison, mpweya woponderezedwa umalowetsedwa kudzera pa pini kapena singano, ndikuulowetsa mu mawonekedwe a nkhungu, motero kupanga gawo lopanda kanthu. Pambuyo pulasitiki yotentha itakhazikika mokwanira, nkhungu imatsegulidwa ndipo gawolo limachotsedwa.
Mu EBM pali njira ziwiri zoyambira zowonjezera, Zopitilira ndi Zosatha. Mosalekeza, parisonyo imatuluka mosalekeza ndipo nkhungu imasuntha kupita ndi kutali ndi parison. Pakatikati, pulasitiki imasonkhanitsidwa ndi extruder m'chipinda, kenako imakakamiza kudzera mufa kuti ipange ndende. Nthawi zambiri nkhungu zimakhala pansi kapena mozungulira extruder.
Zitsanzo za Njira Yopitilira ndi makina opitilira Extrusion Shuttle ndi makina a Rotary Wheel. Makina owonjezera apakati amatha kukhala Reciprocating Screw kapena Accumulator Head. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimaganiziridwa posankha pakati pa njira ndi kukula kapena zitsanzo zomwe zilipo.
Zitsanzo zamagawo opangidwa ndi njira ya EBM zimaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zopanda kanthu, monga mabotolo, zida zamafakitale, zoseweretsa, magalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi zonyamula mafakitale.
Ponena za njira ya Injection Blow Systems - (IBS), polima amapangidwa ndi jekeseni pachimake mkati mwa khola kuti apange chubu lopanda kanthu lotchedwa preform. Ma preforms amazungulira pachimake ndodo kupita ku nkhungu yowombera kapena nkhungu pamalo oombera kuti akwezedwe ndi kuziziritsidwa. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabotolo ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri 16oz/500ml kapena kuchepera pakupanga kwakukulu kwambiri. Njirayi imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: jekeseni, kuwomba ndi kutulutsa, zonse zimachitika mu makina ophatikizika. Zigawo zimatuluka ndi miyeso yomalizidwa yolondola komanso yokhoza kupirira zolimba - popanda zinthu zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri.
Zitsanzo za magawo a IBS ndi mabotolo azamankhwala, zida zamankhwala, zodzoladzola ndi zopangira zina zogula.
Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) njira ya Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) ikufanana ndi njira ya IBS yomwe tafotokozazi, chifukwa preform imapangidwa ndi jekeseni. Preform yowumbidwayo imaperekedwa ku nkhungu yowomba mumkhalidwe wokhazikika, koma isanawombe komaliza mawonekedwe, preform imatambasulidwa m'litali komanso mozungulira. Ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PET ndi PP, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi gawo lotambasula la njirayi. Kutambasula uku kumapereka gawo lomaliza mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndi zotchinga pazitsulo zopepuka komanso makulidwe abwino a khoma kuposa IBS kapena EBM-koma, osati popanda malire monga zotengera zoyendetsedwa, ndi zina zotero. ISBM ikhoza kugawidwa muGawo LimodzindiMasitepe Awirindondomeko.
MuGawo Limodzintchito kupanga preform ndi kuwomba kwa botolo kumachitika mu makina omwewo. Izi zitha kuchitika mu 3 kapena 4 ma station station, (Jakisoni, Zowongolera, Kuwomba ndi Kutulutsa). Njirayi ndi zida zofananira zimatha kuthana ndi mabotolo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apamwamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwake.
MuMasitepe Awiripokonza pulasitiki imapangidwa koyamba kukhala preform pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira jakisoni olekanitsidwa ndi chowotcha. Izi amapangidwa ndi makosi a mabotolo, kuphatikizapo ulusi pa lotseguka mapeto a chatsekedwa mapeto dzenje preform. Ma preforms awa amazizidwa, kusungidwa, ndi kudyetsedwa pambuyo pake mu makina opangira kutenthanso. Mu Two Step Reheat Blow process, ma preforms amatenthedwa (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera cha infuraredi) pamwamba pa kutentha kwa magalasi awo, kenako amatambasulidwa ndikuwomberedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri pamawumbidwe owombera.
Njira ya Two Step ndiyomwe imayenera kukhala ndi zotengera zochulukira kwambiri, 1 lita imodzi ndi pansi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kwambiri utomoni wopatsa mphamvu, chotchinga mpweya ndi zina.