Ukubumba ukuvuthela yinkqubo yokwenza ityhubhu etyhidiweyo (ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengeparison okanye i-preform) yempahla ye-thermoplastic (ipolymer okanye i-resin) kunye nokubeka i-parison okanye i-preform ngaphakathi komgodi wokubumba kunye nokuvuthela ityhubhu ngomoya ocinezelweyo, ukuthatha imo i-cavity kwaye upholise inxalenye ngaphambi kokususa kwi-mold.
Nayiphi na indawo ye-thermoplastic engenanto inokubunjwa.
Amacandelo awaphelelanga nje kwiibhotile, apho kukho ukuvulwa okunye kwaye ihlala incinci ngobubanzi okanye ubungakanani kunobungakanani bomzimba wonke. Ezi zezinye zeemilo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ekupakisheni abathengi, nangona kunjalo zikho ezinye iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeendawo ezibunjiweyo zokuvuthela, kubandakanya, kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:
- Izikhongozeli ezininzi zemizi-mveliso
- Ingca, igadi kunye nezinto zasekhaya
- Izixhobo zonyango kunye namalungu, iithoyi
- Ukwakha iimveliso zoshishino
- Iimoto-phantsi kweengxenye ze-hood
- Amalungu esixhobo
IiNkqubo zokuVelisa ukuBumba
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokubumba ukuvuthela:
- Extrusion blowulding
- Isitofu sokuvuthela ukubumba
- Isitofu solula ukuvuthela ukubumba
Iintlukwano eziphambili phakathi kwazo yindlela yokwenza i-parison; mhlawumbi nge-extrusion okanye i-injection molding, ubukhulu be-parison kunye nendlela yokuhamba phakathi kwe-parison kunye ne-blow molds; nokuba imile, iyahamba, iyahamba okanye iyajikeleza.
Kwi-Extrusion Blow Molding-(EBM) i-polymer iyanyibilika kwaye i-slid extruded melt ikhutshwe nge-die ukuze yenze ityhubhu engenanto okanye i-parison. Iziqingatha ezibini zomngundo opholileyo zivalwa zijikeleze i-parison, umoya ocinezelekileyo ungeniswa ngepini okanye ngenaliti, uyifake kwimilo yokubumba, ngaloo ndlela uvelisa indawo engenanto. Emva kokuba iplastiki eshushu ipholile ngokwaneleyo, isikhunta sivulwa kwaye inxalenye iyasuswa.
Kwi-EBM kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko ze-extrusion, i-Continuous and Intermittent. Ngokuqhubekayo, i-parison ikhutshelwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye isikhunta sihamba sisiya kwaye sisuka kwi-parison. Ngamaxesha athile, iplastiki iqokelelwa yi-extruder kwigumbi, ize inyanzelise ngokufa ukuba yenze i-parison. Iimold zihlala zimile phantsi okanye zijikeleze i-extruder.
Imizekelo yeNkqubo eQhubelekayo yiMishini yokuShutha eZiqhubekayo kunye noomatshini be-Rotary Wheel. Oomatshini bexeshana be-extrusion banokuba yiReciprocating Screw okanye i-Accumulator Head. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ziqwalaselwa xa kukhethwa phakathi kweenkqubo kunye nobukhulu okanye iimodeli ezikhoyo.
Imizekelo yamacandelo enziwe yinkqubo ye-EBM ibandakanya iimveliso ezingenanto, ezifana neebhotile, iinxalenye zefektri, iithoyi, iimoto, izixhobo zombane kunye nokupakishwa kwamashishini.
Ngokumalunga ne-Injection Blow Systems - (IBS) inkqubo, i-polymer ifakwe i-injection kwi-core ngaphakathi kwendawo ukuze yenze ityhubhu engenanto ebizwa ngokuba yi-preform. I-preforms ijikeleza kwi-core rod ukuya kwi-mold yokuvuthela okanye i-molds kwisikhululo sokuvuthela ukuze ivuthwe kwaye ipholile. Le nkqubo iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhotile ezincinci, zihlala ziyi-16oz/500ml okanye ngaphantsi kwiziphumo eziphezulu kakhulu. Inkqubo ihlukaniswe ngamanyathelo amathathu: inaliti, ukuvuthela kunye nokukhupha, zonke zenziwe kumatshini odibeneyo. Amacandelo aphuma kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo egqityiweyo kwaye ekwazi ukubamba ukunyamezela okuqinileyo-ngaphandle kwempahla eyongezelelweyo ekubunjweni kwayo kusebenza kakuhle.
Imizekelo yamacandelo e-IBS ziibhotile zamayeza, iinxalenye zonyango, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa kunye nezinye iipakethe zemveliso yabathengi.
I-Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) inkqubo ye-Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) ifana nenkqubo ye-IBS echazwe ngasentla, ekubeni i-preform ifakwe inaliti. I-preform ebunjiweyo iye inikezelwe kwisivuthelo sokungunda kwimeko emiselweyo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuvuthela kokugqibela kobume, i-preform yoluliwe ngobude kunye ne-radially. Iipolymers eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo yi-PET kunye ne-PP, eneempawu zomzimba eziphuculwe yinxalenye yokwelula yenkqubo. Oku kunweba kunika inxalenye yokugqibela amandla aphuculweyo kunye neempawu zokuthintela kubunzima obulula kakhulu kunye nobukhulu bodonga olungcono kune-IBS okanye i-EBM-kodwa, ngaphandle kwemida ethile efana nezikhongozeli eziphathwayo, njl.Inyathelo elinyekwayeInyathelo ezimbiniinkqubo.
KwiInyathelo elinyeinkqubo zombini ukwenziwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuvuthela ibhotile kwenziwa kumatshini omnye. Oku kunokwenziwa kwi-3 okanye kwi-4 kumatshini wesikhululo, (Injection, Conditioning, Blowing and Ejection). Le nkqubo kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo zinokuphatha amancinci ukuya kwimithamo ephezulu yeebhotile ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu.
KwiInyathelo ezimbiniinkqubo iplastiki ibunjwa kuqala kwi-preform kusetyenziswa umatshini wokubumba owenziwe ngenaliti owahlukileyo kwisibumba sokuvuthela. Ezi ziveliswa ngeentamo zeebhotile, kubandakanywa nemicu kwindawo evulekileyo ye-preform evaliweyo ekupheleni. Ezi preforms ziyapholiswa, zigcinwe, kwaye zondliwe kamva kumatshini wokubumba wokuphinda wolulwe ubushushu. Kwinkqubo yokuVuthela iNyathelo eZimbini, ii-preforms ziyafudunyezwa (ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa izifudumezi ze-infrared) ngaphezulu kobushushu begilasi yazo yokutshintsha, emva koko zolulwe kwaye zivuthelwe kusetyenziswa umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu kwimibhobho yokuvuthela.
Inkqubo ye-Two Step ifaneleke ngakumbi kwimithamo ephezulu kakhulu yezikhongozeli, i-1 ilitha nangaphantsi, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-resin enika amandla amakhulu, umqobo wegesi kunye nezinye iimpawu.