I-Blow molding inqubo yokwenza ishubhu elincibilikisiwe (elibizwa ngokuthi i-parison noma i-preform) ye-thermoplastic material (i-polymer noma i-resin) kanye nokubeka i-parison noma i-preform ngaphakathi kwe-mold cavity kanye nokufutha ishubhu ngomoya ocindezelwe, ukuthatha isimo imbobo bese upholisa ingxenye ngaphambi kokuyikhipha esikhunjeni.
Noma iyiphi ingxenye ye-thermoplastic engenalutho ingabunjwa.
Izingxenye azigcini nje ngamabhodlela, lapho kunokuvulwa okukodwa futhi ngokuvamile kuba kuncane ngobubanzi noma usayizi kunobukhulu bomzimba wonke. Lezi ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwabathengi, nokho kunezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezingxenye ezibunjwe ngokushaywa, kufaka phakathi, kodwa kungagcini nje:
- Iziqukathi eziyinqwaba zezimboni
- Utshani, ingadi nezinto zasendlini
- Izimpahla zezokwelapha nezingxenye, amathoyizi
- Imikhiqizo yezimboni zokwakha
- Izimoto - ngaphansi kwezingxenye ze-hood
- Izingxenye zikagesi
Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza I-Blow Molding
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokubumba igalelo:
- I-Extrusion blow molding
- Ukubumba igalelo lomjovo
- I-injection stretch blow blowing
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo yindlela yokwenza isonto; kungaba ngokubunjwa kwe-extrusion noma umjovo, ubukhulu be-parison kanye nendlela yokunyakaza phakathi kwe-parison kanye nokubunjwa kokushaywa; kungaba umile, shuttling, linear noma rotary.
Ku-Extrusion Blow Molding-(EBM) i-polymer iyancibilika futhi ukuncibilika okuqinile okukhishwe kukhishwa nge-die ukuze kwakhe ishubhu elingenalutho noma i-parison. Amahhafu amabili esikhunta esipholile abe esevalwa azungeze i-parison, umoya ocindezelwe ungeniswa ngephini noma inaliti, uyifake esimweni sesikhunta, ngaleyo ndlela ukhiqize ingxenye engenalutho. Ngemuva kokuthi ipulasitiki eshisayo ipholile ngokwanele, isikhunta siyavulwa futhi ingxenye ikhishwe.
Ku-EBM kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-extrusion, I-Continuous and Intermittent. Ngokuqhubekayo, i-parison ikhishwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi isikhunta siya futhi sisuke ejele. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ipulasitiki iqoqwa i-extruder ekamelweni, bese iphoqa ngefa ukuze yakhe ijele. Isikhunta ngokuvamile simile ngaphansi noma eduze kwe-extruder.
Izibonelo zeNqubo Eqhubekayo yimishini ye-Continuous Extrusion Shuttle kanye nemishini ye-Rotary Wheel. Imishini ye-extrusion yesikhashana ingaba yi-Reciprocating Screw noma i-Accumulator Head. Kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene lapho kukhethwa phakathi kwezinqubo kanye nosayizi noma amamodeli atholakalayo.
Izibonelo zezingxenye ezenziwe inqubo ye-EBM zifaka imikhiqizo eminingi engenalutho, njengamabhodlela, izingxenye zezimboni, amathoyizi, izimoto, izinto zikagesi kanye nokupakishwa kwezimboni.
Ngokuphathelene nenqubo ye-Injection Blow Systems - (IBS), i-polymer ibunjwa kumgogodla ongaphakathi kwendawo ukuze yakhe ishubhu elingenalutho elibizwa ngokuthi i-preform. Ama-preforms azungeza ku-core rod ukuya kusikhunta sokushaywa noma isikhunta esiteshini sokuvuthela ukuze avuthele futhi apholiswe. Le nqubo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza amabhodlela amancane, ngokuvamile angu-16oz/500ml noma ngaphansi emikhiqizweni ephezulu kakhulu. Inqubo ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezintathu: umjovo, ukuvuthela kanye nokukhipha, konke kwenziwa emshinini ohlanganisiwe. Izingxenye ziphuma zinezilinganiso ezinembile eziqediwe futhi ezikwazi ukubamba ukubekezelelana okuqinile-ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okwengeziwe ekubunjweni kusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Izibonelo zezingxenye ze-IBS amabhodlela emithi, izingxenye zezokwelapha, nezimonyo namanye amaphakheji omkhiqizo wabathengi.
I-Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) inqubo ye-Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) ifana nenqubo ye-IBS echazwe ngenhla, ngokuthi i-preform ibunjwe ngomjovo. I-preform ebunjiwe ibe isinikezwa isikhunta sokushaywa esimweni esinesimo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphephuka kokugcina kwesimo, i-preform yeluliwe ngobude kanye ne-radially. Ama-polymer ajwayelekile asetshenziswa yi-PET ne-PP, anezici zomzimba ezithuthukiswa ingxenye enwebekayo yenqubo. Lokhu kwelula kunikeza ingxenye yokugcina amandla athuthukisiwe kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela ezisindweni ezilula kakhulu kanye nogqinsi olungcono lwezindonga kune-IBS noma i-EBM—kodwa, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ethile njengeziqukathi eziphathwayo, njll. I-ISBM ingahlukaniswa ngokwehlukanaIsinyathelo esisodwafuthiIzinyathelo ezimbiliinqubo.
KweIsinyathelo esisodwainqubo kokubili ukwakhiwa kwe-preform kanye nokushaywa kwamabhodlela kwenziwa emshinini ofanayo. Lokhu kungenziwa emishinini yesiteshi emi-3 noma emi-4, (Injection, Conditioning, Blowing and Ejection). Le nqubo kanye nemishini ehlobene ingakwazi ukuphatha amavolumu amancane kuya phezulu amabhodlela ahlukahlukene womumo nosayizi.
KweIzinyathelo ezimbilicubungula ipulasitiki iqala ukubunjwa ibe yi-preform kusetshenziswa umshini wokubumba umjovo ohlukile kumshini wokubumba. Lezi zikhiqizwa ngezintamo zamabhodlela, kufaka phakathi izintambo ekugcineni okuvulekile kwe-preform engenalutho yokugcina evaliwe. Lawa ma-preforms ayapholiswa, agcinwe, futhi adliwe kamuva emshinini wokubumba wokushisa kabusha. Kunqubo ye-Two Step Reheat Blow, ama-preforms ayashiswa (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izifudumezi ze-infrared) ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi, bese zelulwa futhi ziphephethwe kusetshenziswa umoya onomfutho ophezulu ezibunjeni zokushaywa.
Inqubo ye-Two Step ifaneleka kakhulu emiqulwini ephezulu kakhulu yeziqukathi, ilitha elingu-1 nangaphansi, ngokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwenhlaka enikeza amandla amakhulu, isithiyo segesi nezinye izici.